Table of Contents

Preface
Elements of the Book
Grammatical Terms and Translations
Major Historical Periods
Romanization
Source and Text Abbreviations
Translations of Ranks and Titles
Part I Inflected Forms
1. Basic Grammatical Terms and Concepts
1.1 Subject and Predicate
1.2 Sentence Structure
1.3 Autonomous and Dependent Forms
1.4 Inflected and Noninflected Forms
1.5 Inflected Autonomous Words
1.6 Inflected Dependent Forms
1.7 Noninflected Dependent Forms
1.8 Noninflected Autonomous Words
1.9 Modifying Words
1.10 Parts of Speech
2. Orthography and Pronunciation
2.1 Table of Fifty Sounds
2.2 Voiced Sounds
2.3 Sound Changes
2.4 Pronouncing Historical kana
2.4.1 w-Row Pronunciation
2.4.2 h-Row Pronunciation
2.5 Pronouncing Long Sounds
3. Verbs
3.1 The Six Inflected Forms
3.2 Regular Verbs
4. Irregular Verbs
4.2 Transitive and Intransitive Verbs
4.3 Supplementary Verbs
4.4 Sound Changes in Verbs
5. Adjectives and Adjectival Verbs
5.1 Adjectives
5.2 Adjectival Verbs
5.3 Two Modifying Functions
6. Negative and Recollective Auxiliary Verbs
6.1 Negative zu
6.2 Auxiliary Verbs ki and keri
7. Perfective and Continuative Auxiliary Verbs
7.1 Auxiliary Verbs nu and tsu
7.2 Resultative-Continuative Auxiliary Verbs tari and ri
8. Copular Auxiliary Verbs
9. Auxiliary Verbs of Speculation and Supposition
9.1 mu
9.2 muzu
9.3 kemu
9.4 ramu
9.5 rashi
9.6 mashi
9.7 beshi
9.8 meri
9.9 Hearsay nari
9.10 Summary of the Basic Functions of Speculative Auxiliary Verbs
10. Negative Speculative, Desirative, and Comparative Auxiliary Verbs
10.1 Negative Speculative Auxiliary Verbs ji and maji
10.2 Desirative Auxiliary Verbs tashi and mahoshi
10.3 Comparative Auxiliary Verb gotoshi
11. Passive-Causative Auxiliary Verbs
11.1 ru, raru
11.2 su, sasu, shimu
11.3 Summary of Auxiliary Verbs
Part II Noninflected Forms
12. Case Particles
12.1 ga
12.2 no
12.3 o
12.3A o-ba
12.4 ni
12.5 e
12.6 to
12.7 yori
12.8 kara
12.8A kara-ni
12.9 shite
12.10 nite
13. Conjunctive Particles
13.1 ba
13.2 to, tomo
13.3 do, domo
13.4 ni, o
13.5 ga
13.6 te, shite
13.6A zu-te
13.6B te-wa
13.6C Conjunctive Particle te plus Supplementary Verb
13.7 de
13.8 tsutsu
13.9 nagara
13.10 mono-o, mono-kara, mono-no, mono-yue
13.11 Summary of Connections
14. Bound Particles
14.1 wa
14.2 mo
14.2A mo at the End of a Sentence
14.3 zo
14.3A zo at the End of a Sentence
14.4 namu (nan)
14.5 ya (yawa)
14.5A ya (yawa) at the End of a Sentence
14.6 ka (kawa)
14.6A ka (kawa) at the End of a Sentence
14.7 koso
14.7A A Bound Ending Without a Bound Particle
15. Adverbial Particles
15.1 sura
15.2 dani
15.3 sae
15.4 nomi
15.5 bakari
15.6 nado
15.7 made
15.8 shi, shimo
15.9 Note on Adverbial Particles Versus Adverbs
16. Final and Interjectory Particles
16.1 Final Particles
16.2 Interjectory Particles
16.3 Bound Particles at the Ends of Sentences
17. Nouns, Pronouns, Adverbs, Interjections, Conjunctions, and Attributive Words
17.1 Nouns
17.2 Pronouns
17.3 Adverbs
17.4 Interjections
17.5 Conjunctions
17.6 Attributive Words
Part III Honorifics
18. Honorific Expressions
18.1 Noninflected Honorifics
18.2 Honorific Supplementary Verbs
18.3 Honorific Verbs
18.4 Honorific Auxiliary Verbs
19. Humble and Polite Expressions
19.1 Humble Verbs
19.1.1 tatematsuru
19.2 Mixing Honorific and Humble Forms
19.3 Summary of Key Honorific and Humble Verbs
19.4 Polite Verbs
20. Nara-Period Grammar
20.1 Auxiliary Verbs
20.2 Case Particles
20.3 Final Particles
20.3.1 kamo
Part IV Appendixes
Appendix 1. Review of the Six Inflections
Appendix 2. Overview of Sound Changes
Appendix 3. Prefixes and Suffixes
Appendix 4. Supplementary Verbs
Appendix 5. Rhetorical Techniques in Japanese Poetry
Appendix 6. Easily Confused Elements
Appendix 7. Auxiliary Verb Combinations
Appendix 8. Conjugational Shifts
A8.1 The Disappearance of Conjugation Types
A8.2 The Growth of the Rentaikei Form
A8.3 New Adjectival Forms
Part V Grammar Exercises
Tables of Grammatical Forms
Table 1. Verb Conjugations
Table 2. Adjectives and Adjectival Verb Forms
Table 3. Sound Changes
Table 4. Auxiliary Verb Conjugations
Table 5. Auxiliary Verb Types and Functions
Table 6. Auxiliary Verb Connections
Table 7. Particles
Table 8. Main Functions of Inflected Forms