Table of Contents
List of Illustrations vii
Preface and Acknowledgments ix
Introduction 1
1 The Kingsley Family, Charleston, and the American Revolution 7
2 New Brunswick Years: Becoming an Atlantic Trader 24
3 "My Saddle Bags Loaded with Specie": Caribbean Commerce in the Age of Revolution 35
4 Shifting Loyalties: St. Thomas and the Transit Trade in African Slaves 53
5 "Fortune Is Neither to Be Won by Prudence nor Industry": A Slaving Voyage to East Africa 68
6 Family Ties: Anna Madgigine Jai Kingsley 86
7 Laurel Grove Plantation, Slavery, and East Florida's Booming Economy 101
8 "Left by the Patriots a Perfect Desert": The Patriot War in East Florida 121
9 "Like a Turtle without a Shell": Spain's Final Years in East Florida 138
10 "Discreetly Restrained under the Patriarchal System": Life and Labor at Kingsley as Plantations 156
11 "The Door of Liberty Is Open to Every Slave Who Can Find the Means of Purchasing Himself": From Spanish to American Race Relations 177
12 "In Trust for Flora Hanahan Kingsley and Her Son Charles": Kingsley as Patriarch 191
13 The "Island of Liberty" and Kingsley s Final Journeys 210
14 "To Do Good in This World We Must Have Money": The Kingsley Legacy 230
Appendix A Forty-five Slaves Lost, July 1812, at Laurel Grove and Drayton Island 247
Appendix B Inventory of Zephaniah Kingsley's Estate at San Jose Plantation, March 13, 1844 249
Appendix C Slaves Claimed by George Kingsley from the Estate of Zephaniah Kingsley Jr. 251
Appendix D Slaves Recovered by Anna Kingsley from the Estate of Zephaniah Kingsley Jr. 252
Appendix E Account of Sales of Property, Sold at Auction, January 1, 1847 253
Appendix F Inventory of the Real and Personal Estate of George Kingsley 254
Appendix G Account of the Sale of the Personal Estate of George Kingsley, February 1, 1848 255
Notes 257
Bibliography 297
Index 325