Table of Contents

Part 1. The Man and His Work 1. Life and Character 2. Works 3. General Outlook Part 2. Spinoza’s Philosophy 4. ‘God or Nature’ 5. Nature as a System of Modes 6. Human Beings as Parts of Nature 7. The Grades of Knowledge and Conduct Part 3. Spinoza’s Place in History 8. Spinoza and the Criticism of his Contemporaries 9. Spinoza in European Thought from Leibniz to Hegel 10. Spinoza’s Sources and Significance